· New Zealand edition: online, self-paced courses with certificate

Complaints, insight and remediation

Raising Concerns and Protected Disclosures

Speaking up safely about patient risk, colleagues and serious wrongdoing under the HPCA Act and the Protected Disclosures (Protection of Whistleblowers) Act 2022

  • 3hours (estimated)
  • 10sections
  • 20final questions
  • 80%pass mark
  • PDFcertificate
  • Online and self-paced, on any device
  • Reflective account template
  • Knowledge checks in every section
  • Instant certificate of completion

Written for New ZealandUpdated 5 October 2026

What you will learn

  • Place a concern on the spectrum from real-time challenge to protected disclosure, and explain how the route chosen affects the protections that apply.
  • Identify the speaking-up obligations in the Code of Rights and in the codes and statements of the Medical, Nursing, Pharmacy, Dental and Midwifery Councils.
  • Match common concerns to the body designed to deal with them, including HDC, responsible authorities, the Ombudsman, WorkSafe and the Privacy Commissioner.
  • Apply sections 34, 35 and 45 of the HPCA Act to competence and health concerns about colleagues, including mandatory duties and the protection for good-faith notifiers.
  • Explain who is a discloser and what counts as serious wrongdoing under sections 8 and 10 of the Protected Disclosures (Protection of Whistleblowers) Act 2022.
  • Choose an appropriate receiver for a protected disclosure, and recognise that the media, the public and members of Parliament are not appropriate authorities.
  • Describe the confidentiality duty, immunity, protection from retaliation and victimisation, and receivers' duties within 20 working days.
  • Escalate a real-time concern that is not heeded, and prepare and write a clear, factual concern while complying with the Health Information Privacy Code 2020.
  • Respond to a concern raised with you in a way that is safe, fair and supportive, and contribute to a culturally safe speaking-up culture.
  • Show insight and evidence of change if you have failed to raise a concern.

Who this course is for

Doctors, nurses, midwives, pharmacists, oral health practitioners, paramedics and allied health practitioners registered under the HPCA Act 2003, plus managers and clinical leaders who receive concerns.

After a concern

Structured learning and a written reflection to show insight after a complaint, an investigation or a responsible authority inquiry.

Routine CPD

Focused learning on a core standard of practice, with a certificate and reflection for your portfolio.

About this course

This course teaches health practitioners in New Zealand how to raise concerns effectively, lawfully and fairly: from a real-time challenge at the bedside, through notifications to a responsible authority under sections 34 and 45 of the Health Practitioners Competence Assurance Act 2003, to protected disclosures of serious wrongdoing under the Protected Disclosures (Protection of Whistleblowers) Act 2022. It explains who can disclose, what counts as serious wrongdoing, which receivers are recognised, and what protections and receiver duties apply.

It is written for doctors, nurses, midwives, pharmacists, oral health practitioners, paramedics and allied health practitioners in public and private settings, and for managers and clinical leaders who receive concerns. Realistic New Zealand cases cover locums, contractors, small private practices, aged residential care, community pharmacy and Health New Zealand | Te Whatu Ora services, alongside the codes of the Medical, Nursing, Pharmacy, Dental and Midwifery Councils.

Silence about known risks appears again and again in reviews of avoidable harm. The course helps you choose the right route, protect patient privacy, write a clear disclosure, recognise and respond to retaliation, receive concerns well as a leader, build a culturally safe speaking-up culture, and show insight if you ever failed to act.

Course details

Learning time
Approximately 3 hours (estimated learning time including knowledge checks, reflection and assessment)
Standards covered
Protected Disclosures (Protection of Whistleblowers) Act 2022 (ss 8, 10, 13, 29); Health Practitioners Competence Assurance Act 2003 (ss 34, 35, 45); Code of Health and Disability Services Consumers' Rights; MCNZ statement on concerns about another doctor (2022) and Cultural safety (2019); Nursing Council Code of Conduct (6.9, 8.4, 8.5); Pharmacy Council Code of Ethics 2018; Dental Council Standards Framework (standard 28); Midwifery Council Code of Conduct; Health Information Privacy Code 2020; Employment Relations Act 2000; Human Rights Act 1993
Format
Self-paced, gated lessons with knowledge checks, case studies and reflection
Assessment
20 scenario-based questions, 80% to pass (16 of 20)
Outcome
Certificate of completion and a written reflection for your CPD record
Alignment
Mapped to the speaking-up and notification expectations of the Medical, Nursing, Midwifery, Pharmacy and Dental Councils and to the 2022 Act

Course curriculum

10 sections · 26 lessons · 3 hours (estimated) · 20-question final assessment

  1. 1Speaking up in Aotearoa: duty, scope and silence3 lessons
    • What "raising a concern" covers, from a quiet word to a protected disclosure
    • What every New Zealand code expects of you
    • Why practitioners stay silent, and what silence costs
  2. 2Choosing the right route3 lessons
    • A route map for New Zealand concerns
    • Concern, complaint, grievance or disclosure?
    • Escalation ladders and when to skip a rung
  3. 3Concerns about a colleague: notifications under the HPCA Act4 lessons
    • Competence concerns and section 34
    • Health concerns and the mandatory duty in section 45
    • Conduct concerns, boundary breaches and the regulator's response
    • Fairness to the colleague you raise a concern about
  4. 4The Protected Disclosures (Protection of Whistleblowers) Act 20224 lessons
    • Purpose of the Act and who counts as a discloser
    • What counts as serious wrongdoing
    • When a disclosure is protected: belief, good faith and accuracy
    • Where to disclose: internal, appropriate authority, Ombudsman, Minister
  5. 5Protections for those who speak up3 lessons
    • Confidentiality of the discloser's identity
    • Protection from retaliation, victimisation and liability
    • What receivers must do, and what you can expect
  6. 6Raising a concern well: preparation, writing and self-care3 lessons
    • Preparing: facts, evidence and patient privacy
    • Writing a concern or protected disclosure
    • Advice, support and looking after yourself
  7. 7Receiving concerns, culture and accountability3 lessons
    • When someone raises a concern with you
    • Building a speaking-up culture, and Te Tiriti o Waitangi
    • When you did not speak up: insight and remediation
  8. 8Conclusion and key points1 lesson
    • Conclusion and key points
  9. 9References and further reading1 lesson
    • References and further reading
  10. 10Your reflective account1 lesson
    • Your reflective account

Assessment and certificate

Final assessment

20scenario-based questions

  • Pass mark 80%: 16 correct out of 20
  • Knowledge checks in each section as you go
  • Tests whether you can apply the standards, not recall a page
  • Not passed yet? Review the sections and retake it

Certificate of completion

A certificate of completion for your learning portfolio.

  • Your name, the course title and the estimated learning time (record the time you actually spend)
  • Completion date and a unique certificate ID that can be verified
  • Ready to download as a PDF as soon as you complete the course

Your reflective account

The course includes a structured reflective account template: guided prompts to record what you learned, how you will apply it and how the change will show in your practice. It gives you written evidence of insight after a concern, and a ready record for your CPD portfolio.

Write it in your own words and leave out anything that could identify a patient, a colleague or a case. If you have an open complaint or case, talk to your adviser before reflecting on it in writing.

Questions about this course

When does a concern become a protected disclosure?

The Protected Disclosures (Protection of Whistleblowers) Act 2022 protects someone who reasonably believes serious wrongdoing has happened or may be happening and discloses it to an appropriate receiver. The course explains sections 8 and 10, what counts as serious wrongdoing and how the route you choose affects the protections.

Can I go to the media with a concern about patient safety?

The course explains that the 2022 Act does not treat the media, the public or MPs as appropriate authorities, so going public first can cost you its protection. It helps you choose a suitable receiver, such as your organisation, a responsible authority, HDC or the Ombudsman.

Must I notify a responsible authority about a colleague?

Sometimes. The course applies HPCA Act sections 34, 35 and 45 to competence and health concerns about colleagues, including mandatory duties and the protection for notifiers acting in good faith, alongside the speaking-up expectations in each council's code and statements.

What protections does the 2022 Act give whistleblowers?

Confidentiality of the discloser's identity, immunity from proceedings for making the disclosure, and protection from retaliation and victimisation. The course also covers the duties receivers must meet within 20 working days and how to escalate if nothing happens. Each protection is explained in plain terms.

Is the raising concerns course legal advice?

No. It is education, not legal advice, and no council or board has approved it. Before making a particular disclosure, get advice from your union, professional body, indemnity provider or a lawyer. Course length is 3 hours (estimated), and NZ$139 includes the final test, certificate and your reflection on speaking up.

How this course was built

Official sources only

Every legal and regulatory point comes from primary sources: the HPCA Act 2003, the responsible authorities' standards and the Code of Health and Disability Services Consumers' Rights. Anything we cannot confirm is left out.

Original, edition by edition

Lessons, scenarios and assessment questions are written by us for each edition separately, then checked for accuracy, teaching quality and fair assessment before publication.

Reviewed when rules change

When a code, standard or law changes, the affected courses are reviewed and updated. Reported errors in legal or regulatory facts are corrected first.

Page updated 5 October 2026

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