· Singapore edition: online, self-paced courses with certificate

Consent, privacy and communication

Open Disclosure After Harm: Honest Communication When Care Goes Wrong

SMC ECEG C13, the professional boards' codes, MOH serious reportable events and family-centred disclosure in Singapore practice

  • 3hours (estimated)
  • 10sections
  • 20final questions
  • 80%pass mark
  • PDFcertificate
  • Online and self-paced, on any device
  • Reflective account template
  • Knowledge checks in every section
  • Instant certificate of completion

Written for Singapore's boardsUpdated 25 October 2026

What you will learn

  • Explain the professional and legal basis for open disclosure in Singapore, including SMC ECEG C13 and the codes of the SNB, SDC, SPC, AHPC and OOB.
  • Apply the five elements of ECEG C13 to the content, timing and leadership of disclosure.
  • Describe how the information duty under Hii Chii Kok and section 37 of the Civil Law Act continues after harm, and why concealment increases legal and disciplinary risk.
  • Outline the MOH serious reportable event framework under the Healthcare Services Act 2020, including notification and QAC review timelines.
  • Involve patients and families in incident reviews and apply just culture principles.
  • Give a sincere apology that does not speculate about fault, describing the legal position of apologies in Singapore accurately.
  • Identify other notifications that may follow harm, including coronial reporting, PDPA breach notification and HSA reporting.
  • Plan and conduct a disclosure conversation that respects family roles, language needs, older patients, caregivers and migrant workers.
  • Document disclosure accurately, apply the rules on correcting records and identify support for professionals after harm.
  • Reflect on your own practice and plan remediation that demonstrates insight if a concern arises.

Who this course is for

Registered health professionals in Singapore: doctors, nurses and midwives, dentists and oral health therapists, pharmacists, allied health professionals, optometrists and opticians.

After a concern

Structured learning and a written reflection to show insight after a complaint, an investigation or a board inquiry.

Routine CPD

Focused learning on a core standard of practice, with a certificate and reflection for your portfolio.

About this course

This course teaches Singapore health professionals how to communicate openly and honestly with patients and families when something goes wrong in care. It covers the professional and legal basis for open disclosure, including guideline C13 of the Singapore Medical Council's Ethical Code and Ethical Guidelines (2016), the honesty and disclosure expectations of the SNB, SDC, SPC, AHPC and OOB, the common law information duty shaped by Hii Chii Kok and section 37 of the Civil Law Act, and the MOH licence conditions for serious reportable events under the Healthcare Services Act 2020.

It is written for doctors, nurses and midwives, dentists and oral health therapists, pharmacists, allied health professionals and optometrists and opticians. Through fictional Singapore case examples across hospitals, polyclinics, private clinics, pharmacies, dental practices and community care, you will practise preparing for and leading disclosure conversations, apologising well, involving families in reviews, working with interpreters and caregivers, and documenting what was said.

This course has not identified a general statutory duty of candour or an apology-protection statute in Singapore, yet failure to disclose is a recurring theme in complaints and can become a disciplinary matter, and dishonesty is treated very seriously by the courts. The course helps you get disclosure right for patients, families, colleagues and yourself in Singapore's multicultural, multilingual setting.

Course details

Learning time
Approximately 3 hours of learning (estimated time including knowledge checks, reflection and assessment)
Standards covered
SMC Ethical Code and Ethical Guidelines (2016) C13 and Handbook on Medical Ethics (2016); SNB Code for Nurses and Midwives (2018); SDC Ethical Code and Ethical Guidelines (2018); SPC Code of Ethics (2015); AHPC and OOB codes; Healthcare Services Act 2020 and MOH Licence Conditions for Serious Reportable Events; Civil Law Act 1909 s 37 and Hii Chii Kok v Ooi Peng Jin London Lucien [2017] SGCA 38; Medical Registration Act 1997; Coroners Act 2010; PDPA 2012
Format
Self-paced, gated lessons with knowledge checks, case studies and reflection
Assessment
20 scenario-based questions, 80% to pass (16 of 20)

Course curriculum

10 sections · 28 lessons · 3 hours (estimated) · 20-question final assessment

  1. 1Open disclosure in Singapore practice3 lessons
    • What open disclosure means
    • Why open disclosure matters
    • Ethical foundations: autonomy, honesty and trust
  2. 2The legal and professional framework4 lessons
    • SMC ECEG C13: dealing with adverse outcomes and medical errors
    • Standards for nurses, dentists, pharmacists, allied health and eye-care professionals
    • Disclosure, negligence and the duty to inform
    • When failure to disclose becomes a disciplinary matter
  3. 3Serious reportable events and learning systems4 lessons
    • Patient safety incidents and the SRE framework
    • Reporting, review and root cause analysis
    • Involving patients and families in reviews
    • Just culture, learning and restoring trust
  4. 4Apology, resolution and other obligations4 lessons
    • Apology: what it is and what it is not
    • Complaints, claims and resolution
    • Practical redress: care, continuity and follow-up
    • Other notifications after an adverse event
  5. 5The disclosure conversation in practice4 lessons
    • Preparing for disclosure
    • Conducting the conversation
    • Disclosure as an ongoing process
    • Disclosure in particular circumstances
  6. 6Culture, language and family3 lessons
    • Family-centred disclosure in a multicultural society
    • Language, interpreters, older patients and caregivers
    • Equity and harm
  7. 7Documentation, support and learning3 lessons
    • Documenting open disclosure
    • Supporting professionals after harm
    • Insight, reflection and remediation
  8. 8Conclusion and key points1 lesson
    • Conclusion and key points
  9. 9References and further reading1 lesson
    • References and further reading
  10. 10Your reflective account1 lesson
    • Your reflective account

Assessment and certificate

Final assessment

20scenario-based questions

  • Pass mark 80%: 16 correct out of 20
  • Knowledge checks in each section as you go
  • Tests whether you can apply the standards, not recall a page
  • Not passed yet? Review the sections and retake it

Certificate of completion

A certificate of completion for your learning portfolio.

  • Your name, the course title and the estimated learning time (record the time you actually spend)
  • Completion date and a unique certificate ID that can be verified
  • Ready to download as a PDF as soon as you complete the course

Your reflective account

The course includes a structured reflective account template: guided prompts to record what you learned, how you will apply it and how the change will show in your practice. It gives you written evidence of insight after a concern, and a ready record for your CPD portfolio.

Write it in your own words and leave out anything that could identify a patient, a colleague or a case. If you have an open complaint or case, talk to your adviser before reflecting on it in writing.

Questions about this course

Is there a statutory duty of candour in Singapore?

This course has not found a general statute imposing a duty of candour on individual health professionals in Singapore. The obligation comes from your board's code (for doctors, guideline C13 of the SMC Ethical Code and Ethical Guidelines), the common law duty to give patients material information, the Healthcare Services Act licensing framework and your institution's own policy.

What does SMC ECEG C13 require after an adverse outcome?

C13 asks doctors to act quickly to reduce harm and inform patients openly and honestly as soon as possible, to report as appropriate without letting a complaint affect continuing care, to help prevent recurrence, to avoid assigning blame before any inquiry and to ensure a smooth handover if the relationship ends.

How soon should a patient be told about an error?

C13 says as soon as possible and sets no fixed number of hours. The course recommends an initial conversation once the patient is stable, usually the same day, without waiting for a root cause analysis or committee report. The first conversation can say honestly what is not yet known.

Is an apology an admission of liability in Singapore?

This course has not identified a Singapore statute that specifically protects apologies, so it does not claim one. A claim turns on the standard of care and causation, which an honest expression of regret does not change. The course shows how to apologise sincerely without speculating about fault, and recommends checking your indemnity terms.

How do serious reportable events relate to open disclosure?

Licensees with an SRE quality assurance committee must notify MOH within two working days of identifying a serious reportable event and submit a review within 60 calendar days. Notification to MOH does not replace telling the patient, and the course explains how to involve patients and families in reviews.

What if the family asks us not to tell the patient?

This is common in Singapore, especially for older patients. A patient with capacity is entitled to information about their own care. The course shows how to explore the family's concerns, check the patient's own wishes and plan disclosure together.

Who is this open disclosure course for, and does it count for CME or CPE?

It is for doctors, nurses and midwives, dentists and oral health therapists, pharmacists, allied health professionals, optometrists and opticians in Singapore. It takes about three hours with a 20-question assessment at 80%.

How this course was built

Official sources only

Every legal and regulatory point comes from primary sources: the Acts that set up each professional board, the boards' own codes and guidance, and the Ministry of Health. Anything we cannot confirm is left out.

Original, edition by edition

Lessons, scenarios and assessment questions are written by us for each edition separately, then checked for accuracy, teaching quality and fair assessment before publication.

Reviewed when rules change

When a code, standard or law changes, the affected courses are reviewed and updated. Reported errors in legal or regulatory facts are corrected first.

Page updated 25 October 2026

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